A Robust Watermark-based Model for Image Content Integrity Verification and Tampering Detection
Abstract
The rise of digital image tampering has increased the inability to check authenticity of images. This hasmade its identification as well as the localization the tampered regions a significant challenge. Watermarkbased content authentication methods provides an effective solution to it. This study proposes a strong and reliable watermark-based authentication algorithm. It uses two watermarks that are created using the Haar wavelet transform, discrete cosine transform, and singular value decomposition. A tamper detection mask is also used to highlight the tampered regions of the image. The embedded watermarks were observed to resist various attacks, including compression, cropping, noise addition, and blurring. This highlights the robustness of the approach. The experimental evaluations show that the proposed method achieves high imperceptibility with various near-ideal metrics. It achieved Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values > 38 dB, Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) > 99%, and Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC)of ∼99.8%. The method effectively detects various types of manipulation and attacks in images. The proposed technique shows strong applicability in various domains, including digital forensics, copyright enforcement, and the protection of sensitive multimedia contents.References
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