			@electronic{IEEEhowto:IEEEtranpage,
	  author        = "Michael Shell",
	  title         = "{IEEE}tran Homepage",
	  url           = "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/",
	  year          = ""
	}
	
	@inproceedings{IEEEexample:conf_typical,
	  author        = "R. K. Gupta and S. D. Senturia",
	  title         = "Pull-in Time Dynamics as a Measure of Absolute Pressure",
	  booktitle     = "Proc. {IEEE} International Workshop on
	                   Microelectromechanical Systems ({MEMS}'97)",
	  address       = "Nagoya, Japan",
	  month         = jan,
	  year          = "1997",
	  pages         = "290-294"
	}
	
	@book{IEEEexample:book_typical,
	  author        = "B. D. Cullity",
	  title         = "Introduction to Magnetic Materials",
	  publisher     = "Addison-Wesley",
	  address       = "Reading, MA",
	  year          = "1972"
	}
	
	
	%-------------------------------------------------------
	%49
	@article{Suttorp2009MultiObjectiveOptimization,
	  author    = {Thorsten Suttorp and Christian Igel},
	  title     = {Multi-Objective Optimization of Support Vector Machines},
	  booktitle = {Multi-Objective Machine Learning},
	  editor    = {Yaochu Jin},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  year      = {2006},
	  pages     = {199--220},
	  doi       = {10.1007/11399346\_9},
	  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/11399346\_9}
	}
	
	%41
	@article{mercer1909functions,
	  author    = {James Mercer},
	  title     = {Functions of Positive and Negative Type, and Their Connection with the Theory of Integral Equations},
	  journal   = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character},
	  volume    = {209},
	  pages     = {415--446},
	  year      = {1909},
	  doi       = {10.1098/rsta.1909.0016},
	  url       = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/\\10.1098/rsta.1909.0016}
	}
	%11
	@article{cover1965geometrical,
	  author  = {Thomas M. Cover},
	  title   = {Geometrical and Statistical Properties of Systems of Linear Inequalities with Applications in Pattern Recognition},
	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers},
	  year    = {1965},
	  volume  = {EC-14},
	  number  = {3},
	  pages   = {326--334},
	  doi     = {10.1109/PGEC.1965.264137},
	  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.264137}
	}
	
	%12
	@book{christianini2000svm,
	  author    = {Nello Cristianini and John Shawe-Taylor},
	  title     = {An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-Based Learning Methods},
	  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	  address   = {Cambridge},
	  year      = {2000},
	  doi       = {10.1017/CBO9780511801389},
	  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801389}
	}
	%3
	@article{Aronszajn1950,
	  author    = {N. Aronszajn},
	  title     = {Theory of Reproducing Kernels},
	  journal   = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society},
	  volume    = {68},
	  pages     = {337--404},
	  year      = {1950},
	  doi       = {10.2307/1990404}
	}
	%18
	@techreport{Girosi1997,
	  author      = {Federico Girosi},
	  title       = {An Equivalence Between Sparse Approximation and Support Vector Machines},
	  institution = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	  year        = {1997},
	  number      = {AIM-1606},
	  url         = {https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7289}
	}
	%23
	@techreport{Heckman1997,
	  author      = {Nancy E. Heckman},
	  title       = {The Theory and Application of Penalized Least Squares Methods or Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Made Easy},
	  institution = {Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia},
	  year        = {1997},
	  number      = {Technical Report 216},
	  url         = {https://www.stat.ubc.ca/technical-reports-archive/doc/216.pdf}
	}
	%56
	@book{Wahba1990,
	  author    = {Grace Wahba},
	  title     = {Spline Models for Observational Data},
	  series    = {CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics},
	  volume    = {59},
	  publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
	  year      = {1990},
	  address   = {Philadelphia},
	  isbn      = {978-0-89871-244-5},
	  doi       = {10.1137/1.9781611970128},
	  url       = {https://epubs.siam.org/doi/book/10.1137/\\1.9781611970128}
	}
	%6
	@book{Bellman1957,
	  author    = {Richard Bellman},
	  title     = {Dynamic Programming},
	  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	  address   = {Princeton, NJ},
	  year      = {1957},
	  doi       = {10.1126/science.127.3304.976.a}
	}
	%20
	@techreport{Gunn1998,
	  author      = {Steve R. Gunn},
	  title       = {Support Vector Machines for Classification and Regression},
	  institution = {School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton},
	  year        = {1998},
	  number      = {ISIS Technical Report},
	  url         = {https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/256459/}
	}
	%1
	@article{Aizerman1964,
	  author    = {Aizerman, M. and Braverman, E. and Rozonoer, L.},
	  title     = {Theoretical foundations of the potential function method in pattern recognition learning},
	  journal   = {Automat. Remote Control},
	  year      = {1964},
	  volume    = {25},
	  pages     = {821--837},
	  url       = {https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~y328yu/classics/\\kernel.pdf}
	}
	
	%32
	@incollection{kecman2005support,
	  author    = {Vojislav Kecman},
	  title     = {Support Vector Machines—An Introduction},
	  booktitle = {Support Vector Machines: Theory and Applications},
	  editor    = {Lipo Wang},
	  series    = {Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing},
	  volume    = {177},
	  pages     = {1--47},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  year      = {2005},
	  doi       = {10.1007/10984697\_1},
	  url       = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007\\/10984697\_1}
	}
	
	%52
	@article{vapnik1964note,
	  title={A Note on One Class of Perceptrons},
	  author={Vapnik, V. and Chervonenkis, A.},
	  journal={Automation and Remote Control},
	  volume={25},
	  year={1964}
	}
	%7
	@book{bishop1995neural,
	  author    = {Christopher M. Bishop},
	  title     = {Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition},
	  publisher = {Clarendon Press},
	  address   = {Oxford},
	  year      = {1995},
	  isbn      = {0198538642},
	  doi       = {10.5555/525960},
	  url       = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/525960}
	}
	
	%54 in similar to 53
	@book{vapnik1979estimation,
	  author    = {Vladimir N. Vapnik},
	  title     = {Estimation of Dependences Based on Empirical Data},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  year      = {1979}
	}
	
	
	%53
	@book{Vapnik1995,
	  author    = {Vapnik, Vladimir},
	  title     = {The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory},
	  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	  address   = {New York},
	  year      = {1995},
	  isbn      = {978-0-387-94559-4},
	  doi       = {10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0},
	  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0}
	}
	
	%9
	@article{burges1998tutorial,
	  author  = {Christopher J.C. Burges},
	  title   = {A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition},
	  journal = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
	  year    = {1998},
	  volume  = {2},
	  number  = {2},
	  pages   = {121--167},
	  doi     = {10.1023/A:1009715923555},
	  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009715923555}
	}
	
	%42
	@book{montgomery2021introduction,
	  author    = {Montgomery, Douglas C. and Peck, Elizabeth A. and Vining, G. Geoffrey},
	  title     = {Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis},
	  edition   = {6},
	  year      = {2021},
	  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	  isbn      = {978-1-119-57872-7}
	
	}
	
	%21
	@article{guyon1991structural,
	  author    = {Isabelle Guyon and Vladimir N. Vapnik and Bernhard E. Boser and L\'{e}on Bottou and Sara A. Solla},
	  title     = {Structural Risk Minimization for Character Recognition},
	  journal = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
	  year      = {1992},
	  pages     = {471--479},
	  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
	  url       = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/1991/\\file/10a7cdd970fe135cf4f7bb55c0e3b59f-Paper.pdf}
	}
	
	
	%17
	@article{geman1992neural,
	  author  = {Stuart Geman and Elie Bienenstock and René Doursat},
	  title   = {Neural Networks and the Bias/Variance Dilemma},
	  journal = {Neural Computation},
	  year    = {1992},
	  volume  = {4},
	  number  = {1},
	  pages   = {1--58},
	  doi     = {10.1162/neco.1992.4.1.1},
	  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1992.4.1.1}
	}
	%5
	@incollection{Awad2015,
	  author    = {Awad, M. and Khanna, R.},
	  title     = {Support Vector Machines for Classification},
	  booktitle = {Efficient Learning Machines},
	  publisher = {Apress},
	  address   = {Berkeley, CA},
	  year      = {2015},
	  pages     = {39--66},
	  doi       = {10.1007/978-1-4302-5990-9\_3},
	  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5990-9\_3}
	}
	
	%14
	@article{Du2024Exploring,
	  author  = {Ke-Lin Du and Bingchun Jiang and Jiabin Lu and Jingyu Hua and M. N. S. Swamy},
	  title   = {Exploring Kernel Machines and Support Vector Machines: Principles, Techniques, and Future Directions},
	  journal = {Mathematics},
	  year    = {2024},
	  volume  = {12},
	  number  = {24},
	  pages   = {3935},
	  doi     = {10.3390/math12243935},
	  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3390/math12243935}
	}
	
	%27
	@mastersthesis{karim2004theoretical,
	  title={Theoretical Analysis For Exact Results in Stochastic Linear Learning},
	  author={Karim, Rezaul},
	  year={2004},
	  school={Citeseer}
	}
	
	%22
	@article{hansen1993stochastic,
	  author    = {Lars Kai Hansen},
	  title     = {Stochastic Linear Learning: Exact Test and Training Error Averages},
	  journal   = {Neural Networks},
	  volume    = {6},
	  number    = {3},
	  pages     = {393--396},
	  year      = {1993},
	  doi       = {10.1016/0893-6080(93)90006-I},
	  url       = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article\\/pii/089360809390006I}
	}
	%50
	@article{Tharwat2016,
	  author = {Alaa Tharwat and Aboul Ella Hassanien and Basem E. Elnaghi},
	  title = {A BA-based algorithm for parameter optimization of Support Vector Machine},
	  journal = {Pattern Recognition Letters},
	  volume = {93},
	  pages = {13--22},
	  year = {2016},
	  doi = {10.1016/j.patrec.2016.10.007}
	}
	
	%34
	@misc{kools2025datasets,
	  author       = {Jeroen Kools},
	  title        = {6 functions for generating artificial datasets},
	  year         = {2013},
	  publisher    = {MATLAB Central File Exchange},
	  url          = {https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral\\/fileexchange/41459-6-functions-for-generating-artificial-datasets}
	}
	
	
	%57
	@article{wang2023fastTran,
	  title     = {Fast Truncated Huber Loss SVM for Large Scale Classification},
	  author    = {Huajun Wang and Yuanhai Shao},
	  journal   = {Knowledge-Based Systems},
	  volume    = {260},
	  pages     = {110074},
	  year      = {2023},
	  publisher = {Elsevier},
	  doi       = {10.1016/j.knosys.2022.110074},
	  url       = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article\\/pii/S0950705122011674}
	}
	
	%59
	@article{wang2023fast,
	  title={Fast SVM Classifier for Large-Scale Classification Problems},
	  author={Wang, Huajun and Shao, Yuanhai and Zhou, Shenglong},
	  journal={Information Sciences},
	  volume={625},
	  pages={119136},
	  year={2023},
	  publisher={Elsevier},
	  doi={10.1016/j.ins.2023.119136}
	}
	%60
	@article{wang2024fast,
	  title={Fast Support Vector Machine With Low-Computational Complexity for Large-Scale Classification},
	  author={Huajun Wang and Zhibin Zhu and Yuanhai Shao},
	  journal={IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems},
	  year={2024},
	  volume={54},
	  pages={4151-4163},
	  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:\\268772587}
	}
	
	%58
	@article{wang2023sparse,
	  title     = {Sparse and Robust SVM Classifier for Large Scale Classification},
	  author    = {Wang, Huajun and Shao, Yuanhai},
	  journal   = {Applied Intelligence},
	  volume    = {53},
	  number    = {16},
	  pages     = {19647--19671},
	  year      = {2023},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  doi       = {10.1007/s10489-023-04511-w},
	  url       = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10489-023-04511-w}
	
	}
	%38
	@article{lin2024kernel,
	  author    = {Rongrong Lin and Yingjia Yao and Yulan Liu},
	  title     = {Kernel Support Vector Machine Classifiers with $\ell_0$-Norm Hinge Loss},
	  journal   = {Neurocomputing},
	  volume    = {589},
	  pages     = {127669},
	  year      = {2024},
	  doi       = {10.1016/j.neucom.2024.127669},
	  url       = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article\\/abs/pii/S0925231224004405}
	}
	%2
	Aronszajn1950
	@article{akhtar2024roboss,
	  author    = {Mushir Akhtar and M. Tanveer and Mohd. Arshad},
	  title     = {{RoBoSS}: A Robust, Bounded, Sparse, and Smooth Loss Function for Supervised Learning},
	  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
	  year      = {2024},
	  doi       = {10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3465535}
	}
	%63
	@article{wu2024nonlinear,
	  title={{Nonlinear Kernel-Free Quadratic Hyper-Surface Support Vector Machine with 0-1 Loss Function}},
	  author={Wu, Mingyang and Yang, Zhixia and Ye, Junyou},
	  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.10559},
	  year={2024},
	  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.10559}
	}
	
	%39
	@article{liu2022nonlinear,
	  author    = {Ju Liu and Ling-Wei Huang and Yuan-Hai Shao and Wei-Jie Chen and Chun-Na Li},
	  title     = {Nonlinear Kernel Support Vector Machine with 0-1 Soft Margin Loss},
	  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.00399},
	  year={2022},
	  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.00399}
	}
	
	%61
	@article{wang2022support,
	  title={{Support Vector Machine Classifier via L0/1 Soft-Margin Loss}},
	  author={Wang, Huajun and Shao, Yuanhai and Zhou, Shenglong and Zhang, Ce and Xiu, Naihua},
	  journal={{IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence}},
	  volume={44},
	  number={10},
	  pages={7253--7265},
	  year={2022},
	  publisher={IEEE},
	  doi={10.1109/TPAMI.2021.3092177}
	}
	
	
	%16
	@article{geebelen2012reducing,
	  author  = {Dries Geebelen and Johan A. K. Suykens and Joos Vandewalle},
	  title   = {Reducing the Number of Support Vectors of SVM Classifiers Using the Smoothed Separable Case Approximation},
	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems},
	  year    = {2012},
	  volume  = {23},
	  number  = {4},
	  pages   = {682--688},
	  doi={10.1109/TNNLS.2012.2186314}
	}
	
	%65
	@article{zhou2022sparse,
	  title={{Sparse SVM for Sufficient Data Reduction}},
	  author={Zhou, Shenglong},
	  journal={IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
	  volume={44},
	  number={9},
	  pages={4945--4958},
	  year={2022},
	  publisher={IEEE},
	  doi={10.1109/TPAMI.2022.3140172},
	  url={https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9415153}
	}
	
	%29
	@incollection{karim2024sequential,
	  author    = {Rezaul Karim and Amit Kumar Kundu and Ali Ahmed Ave},
	  title     = {Sequential Mathematical Programming With \(\zeta\)-Analysis for HESVM},
	  booktitle = {Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments},
	  volume    = {7},
	  pages     = {144--169},
	  publisher = {BP International},
	  year      = {2024},
	  doi       = {10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v7/2725},
	  url       = {https://stm.bookpi.org/MCSCD-V7/article/view/16162}
	}
	
	
	%35
	@article{kundu2023escalating,
	  author    = {Amit Kumar Kundu and Rezaul Karim and Ali Ahmed Ave},
	  title     = {Escalating SVM-Efficiency by Sequential QP LP and Slack Variable Analysis},
	  journal   = {Journal of Computer Science},
	  volume    = {19},
	  number    = {10},
	  pages     = {1253--1262},
	  year      = {2023},
	  doi       = {10.3844/jcssp.2023.1253.1262},
	  url       = {https://thescipub.com/abstract/jcssp\\.2023.1253.1262}
	}
	%31
	@article{karim2023lp,
	  author    = {Rezaul Karim and Mahmudul Hasan and Amit Kumar Kundu and Ali Ahmed Ave},
	  title     = {LP SVM with a Novel Similarity Function Outperforms Powerful LP-QP-Kernel-SVM Considering Efficient Classification},
	  journal   = {Informatica},
	  volume    = {47},
	  number    = {8},
	  pages     = {1--12},
	  year      = {2023},
	  doi       = {10.31449/inf.v47i8.4767},
	  url       = {https://www.informatica.si/index.php/\\informatica/article/view/4767}
	}
	
	
	
	
	@inproceedings{XiaoZST07,
	  author    = {Xiao, R. and Zhu, H. and Sun, H. and Tang, X.},
	  title     = {Dynamic Cascades for Face Detection},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} 11th International Conference on Computer Vision {(ICCV)}},
	  pages     = {1-8},
	  year      = {2007}
	}
	
	@inproceedings{Luo05,
	  author    = {Luo, H.},
	  title     = {Optimization Design of Cascaded Classifiers},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ({CVPR})},
	  pages     = {480-485},
	  year      = {2005}
	}
	%51
	@book{vapnik1998,
	  author    = {Vladimir N. Vapnik},
	  title     = {Statistical Learning Theory},
	  publisher = {Wiley},
	  year      = {1998},
	  isbn      = {978-0-471-03003-4},
	  url       = {https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Statistical+Learning+Theory-p-9780471030034}
	}
	
	%66
	@inproceedings{LadickyT11,
	  author    = {Ľubor Ladický and Philip H. S. Torr},
	  title     = {Locally Linear Support Vector Machines},
	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
	  year      = {2011},
	  pages     = {985--992},
	  url       = {https://icml.cc/Conferences/2011/papers/508\\\_icmlpaper.pdf}
	}
	%64
	@article{XuGTW15,
	  title     = {Compressed Support Vector Machines},
	  author    = {Xu, Z.E. and Gardner, J.R. and Tyree, S. and Weinberger, K.Q.},
	  journal   = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.06478},
	  year      = {2015},
	  url       = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06478}
	  }
	
	
	@inproceedings{SaberianV10,
	  author    = {Saberian, M. J. and Vasconcelos, N.},
	  title     = {Boosting Classifier Cascades},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 24th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems {(NIPS)}},
	  pages     = {2047-2055},
	  year      = {2010}
	}
	
	%15
	@article{FuRZ10,
	  author  = {Zhouyu Fu and Antonio Robles-Kelly and Jun Zhou},
	  title   = {Mixing Linear SVMs for Nonlinear Classification},
	  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks},
	  year    = {2010},
	  volume  = {21},
	  number  = {12},
	  pages   = {1963--1975},
	  doi     = {10.1109/TNN.2010.2080319},
	  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TNN.2010.2080319}
	  }
	  
	@inproceedings{ChengJ11,
	  author    = {Cheng, W. C. and Jhan, D. M.},
	  title     = {A cascade classifier using Adaboost algorithm and support vector machine for pedestrian detection},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} International Conference on Systems, Man
	               and Cybernetics},
	  pages     = {1430--1435},
	  year      = {2011}
	}
	@inproceedings{ChenXWCK12,
	  author    = {Chen, M. and Xu, Z. E. and Weinberger, K. Q. and Chapelle, O. and Kedem, D.},
	  title     = {Classifier Cascade for Minimizing Feature Evaluation Cost},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics {(AISTATS)}},
	  pages     = {218-226},
	  year      = {2012}
	}
	@inproceedings{ChenRWCS14,
	  author    = {Chen, D. and Ren, S. and Wei, Y. and Cao, X. and Sun, J.},
	  title     = {Joint Cascade Face Detection and Alignment},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 13th European Conference on Computer Vision {(ECCV)}},
	  pages     = {109--122},
	  year      = {2014}
	}
	
	%[23] Maji, Subhransu, and Jitendra Malik. Fast and accurate digit classification. EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB/EECS-2009-159 (2009).
	
	%19
	@inproceedings{GuH13,
	  author    = {Quanquan Gu and Jiawei Han},
	  title     = {Clustered Support Vector Machines},
	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS)},
	  year      = {2013},
	  pages     = {307--315},
	  url       = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v31/gu13b.html}
	}
	
	%37
	@inproceedings{Li013,
	  author    = {Jianguo Li and Yimin Zhang},
	  title     = {Learning SURF Cascade for Fast and Accurate Object Detection},
	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
	  year      = {2013},
	  pages     = {3468--3475},
	  doi       = {10.1109/CVPR.2013.445}
	}
	@inproceedings{MajiB09,
	  author    = {Maji, S. and Berg, A. C.},
	  title     = {Max-margin additive classifiers for detection},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} 12th International Conference on Computer Vision ({ICCV})},
	  pages     = {40--47},
	  year      = {2009}
	}
	
	@inproceedings{MajiBM08,
	  author    = {Maji, S. and Berg, A. C. and Malik, J.},
	  title     = {Classification using intersection kernel support vector machines is efficient},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition {(CVPR})},
	  pages={1-8},
	  year      = {2008}
	}
	%[28] Sharma, Gaurav, Frédéric Jurie, and Patrick Perez. Learning non-linear SVM in input space for image classification. Diss. GREYC CNRS UMR 6072, Universite de Caen, 2014.
	
	@inproceedings{OsadchyKF12,
	  author    = {Osadchy, M. and Keren, D. and Specktor, B. F.},
	  title     = {Hybrid Classifiers for Object Classification with a Rich Background},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision ({ECCV})},
	  pages     = {284--297},
	  year      = {2012}
	}
	
	@article{OsadchyKR16,
	  author    = {Osadchy, M. and Keren, D. and Raviv, D.},
	  title     = {Recognition Using Hybrid Classifiers},
	  journal   = {{IEEE} Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. ({PAMI})},
	  volume    = {38},
	  number    = {4},
	  pages     = {759--771},
	  year      = {2016}
	}
	%46
	@inproceedings{RaykarKY10,
	  author    = {Vikas C. Raykar and Balaji Krishnapuram and Shipeng Yu},
	  title     = {Designing Efficient Cascaded Classifiers: Tradeoff Between Accuracy and Cost},
	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining},
	  series    = {KDD '10},
	  pages     = {853--860},
	  publisher = {ACM},
	  year      = {2010},
	  doi       = {10.1145/1835804.1835912},
	  url       = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1835804.\\1835912}
	}
	
	@article{VisentiniSF10,
	  author    = {Visentini, I. and Snidaro, L. and Foresti, G. L.},
	  title     = {Cascaded online boosting},
	  journal   = {J. Real-Time Image Processing},
	  volume    = {5},
	  number    = {4},
	  pages     = {245--257},
	  year      = {2010}
	}
	
	@article{SaberianV14,
	  author    = {Saberian, M. J. and Vasconcelos, N.},
	  title     = {Boosting algorithms for detector cascade learning},
	  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research ({JMLR})},
	  volume    = {15},
	  number    = {1},
	  pages     = {2569--2605},
	  year      = {2014}
	}
	
	@inproceedings{VedaldiGVZ09,
	  author    = {Vedaldi, A. and Gulshan, V. and Varma, M. and Zisserman, A.},
	  title     = {Multiple kernels for object detection},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} 12th International Conference on Computer Vision ({ICCV})},
	  pages     = {606--613},
	  year      = {2009}
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{Xu771,
	  author    = {Xu, Z. E. and Kusner, M. J. and Weinberger, K. Q. and Chen, M.},
	  title     = {Cost-Sensitive Tree of Classifiers},
	  booktitle={International Conference on Machine Learning},
	    pages     = {133-141},
	  year      = {2013}
	}
	
	@article{XuKWCC14,
	  author    = {Xu, Z. E. and Kusner, M. J. and Weinberger, K. Q. and Chen, M. and Chapelle, O.},
	  title     = {Classifier cascades and trees for minimizing feature evaluation cost},
	  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	  volume    = {15},
	  number    = {1},
	  pages     = {2113--2144},
	  year      = {2014}
	}
	%30
	@inproceedings{karim2007greedy,
	  author    = {Rezaul Karim and Martin Bergtholdt and Jörg H. Kappes and Christoph Schnörr},
	  title     = {Greedy-Based Design of Sparse Two-Stage SVMs for Fast Classification},
	  booktitle = {Pattern Recognition: 29th DAGM Symposium},
	  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	  volume    = {4713},
	  pages     = {395--404},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  year      = {2007},
	  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-540-74936-3\_40},
	  url       = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-74936-3\_40}
	}
	
	%@inproceedings{KarimBKS07,
	 author    = {Karim, R. and Bergtholdt, M. and Kappes, J. H. and Schn{\"{o}}rr, C.},
	
	  title     = {Greedy-Based Design of Sparse Two-Stage SVMs for Fast Classification},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 29th {DAGM} Symposium on Pattern Recognition},
	  pages     = {395--404},
	  year      = {2007}
	}
	
	%10
	@inproceedings{CotterSS13,
	  author    = {Andrew Cotter and Shai Shalev-Shwartz and Nati Srebro},
	  title     = {Learning Optimally Sparse Support Vector Machines},
	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Machine Learning},
	  pages     = {266--274},
	  year      = {2013},
	  url       = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v28/cotter13\\.html}
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{LeeM01,
	  author    = {Lee, Y. J. and Mangasarian, O. L.},
	  title     = {{RSVM:} Reduced Support Vector Machines},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the First {SIAM} Int'l Conf. on Data Mining ({SDM})},
	  pages     = {1--17},
	  year      = {2001}
	}
	
	%25
	@inproceedings{JoachimsY09,
	  author    = {Thorsten Joachims and Chun-Nam John Yu},
	  title     = {Sparse Kernel SVMs via Cutting-Plane Training},
	  booktitle = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
	  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	  volume    = {5781},
	  pages     = {47--62},
	  year      = {2009},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-642-04180-8\_8},
	  url       = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/\\978-3-642-04180-8\_8}
	}
	
	
	
	@article{IkedaM05,
	  author    = {Ikeda, K. and Murata, N.},
	  title     = {Geometrical Properties of Nu Support Vector Machines with Different
	               Norms},
	  journal   = {Neural Computation},
	  volume    = {17},
	  number    = {11},
	  pages     = {2508--2529},
	  year      = {2005}
	}
	
	
	%[44] Ye, Jiankuan. Experimental study and geometrical analysis of a linear programming support vector machine. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey-New Brunswick, 2011.
	
	
	@inproceedings{ZhuRHT03,
	  author    = {Zhu, J. and Rosset, S. and Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R.},
	  title     = {1-norm Support Vector Machines},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems ({NIPS})},
	  pages     = {49--56},
	  year      = {2003}
	}
	
	
	
	
	@article{PedrosoM01,
	  author    = {Pedroso, J. P. and Murata, N.},
	
	  title     = {Support vector machines with different norms: motivation, formulations and results},
	  journal   = {Pattern Recognition Letters},
	  volume    = {22},
	  number    = {12},
	  pages     = {1263--1272},
	  year      = {2001}
	}
	
	%Jo{\~{a}}o Pedro 
	
	
	
	@article{ZhouZJ02,
	  author    = {Zhou, W. and Zhang, L. and Jiao, L.},
	  title     = {Linear programming support vector machines},
	  journal   = {Pattern Recognition},
	  volume    = {35},
	  number    = {12},
	  pages     = {2927--2936},
	  year      = {2002}
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	@article{WuZ05,
	  author    = {Wu, Q. and Zhou, D. X.},
	  title     = {{SVM} Soft Margin Classifiers: Linear Programming versus Quadratic
	               Programming},
	  journal   = {Neural Computation},
	  volume    = {17},
	  number    = {5},
	  pages     = {1160--1187},
	  year      = {2005}
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{KecmanA01,
	  author    = {Kecman, V. and Arthanari, T. S.},
	  title     = {Comparisons of {QP} and {LP} Based Learning from Empirical Data},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 14th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems ({IEA/AIE})},
	  pages     = {326--332},
	  year      = {2001}
	}
	
	@article{viola2004robust,
	  title={Robust real-time face detection},
	  author={Viola, P. and Jones, M. J.},
	  journal={International Journal of Computer Vision},
	  volume={57},
	  number={2},
	  pages={137--154},
	  year={2004},
	  publisher={Springer}
	}
	%55
	@inproceedings{franc2003greedy,
	  author    = {Vojtěch Franc and Václav Hlaváč},
	  title     = {Greedy Algorithm for a Training Set Reduction in the Kernel Methods},
	  booktitle = {Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP)},
	  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	  volume    = {2756},
	  pages     = {426--433},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  year      = {2003},
	  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-540-45179-2\_53},
	  url       = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-45179-2\_53}
	}
	%33
	@article{keerthi2006building,
	  author    = {S. Sathiya Keerthi and Olivier Chapelle and Dennis DeCoste},
	  title     = {Building Support Vector Machines with Reduced Classifier Complexity},
	  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	  volume    = {7},
	  pages     = {1493--1515},
	  year      = {2006},
	  url       = {https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v7/\\keerthi06a.html}
	}
	
	@inproceedings{osuna1998reducing,
	  title={Reducing the run-time complexity of support vector machines},
	  author={Osuna, E. and Girosi, F.},
	  booktitle={Proc. of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition ({ICPR})},
		pages={1-10},  
	  year={1998}
	}
	%45
	@inproceedings{ratsch2005over,
	  author    = {Matthias R{\"a}tsch and Sami Romdhani and Gerd Teschke and Thomas Vetter},
	  title     = {Over-Complete Wavelet Approximation of a Support Vector Machine for Efficient Classification},
	  booktitle = {Pattern Recognition: 27th DAGM Symposium},
	  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	  volume    = {3663},
	  pages     = {351--360},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  year      = {2005},
	  doi       = {10.1007/11550518\_44},
	  url       = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/\\11550518\_44}
	}
	
	@article{huo2003building,
	  title={Building a cascade detector and applications in automatic target detection},
	  author={Huo, X. and Chen, J.},
	  Journal={Applied Optics: Information Processing},
	  volume={43},
	  pages={1-47},
	  number={2},
	  year={2003}
	}
	
	@article{maji2009fast,
	  title={Fast and accurate digit classification},
	  author={Maji, S. and Malik, J.},
	  journal={{EECS} Department, University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. {UCB/EECS}-2009-159},
	  year={2009}
	}
	
	%26
	@article{Karim-Kundu-2018-1,
	  author    = {Rezaul Karim and Amit Kumar Kundu},
	  title     = {Efficiency and Performance Analysis of a Sparse and Powerful Second Order SVM Based on LP and QP},
	  journal   = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
	  volume    = {9},
	  number    = {2},
	  pages     = {311--318},
	  year      = {2018},
	  doi       = {10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090244},
	  url       = {https://thesai.org/Publications/ViewPaper?\\Volume=9\&Issue=2\&Code=IJACSA\&\\SerialNo=44}
	}
	
	
	%% new copy paste
	%---------------------------------------------------------
	%%BIB TAKEN FOR DSF PAPER-----Dec 2021---START
	@article{abu2019effects,
	  title={Effects of distance measure choice on k-nearest neighbor classifier performance: a review},
	  author={Abu Alfeilat, Haneen Arafat and Hassanat, Ahmad BA and Lasassmeh, Omar and Tarawneh, Ahmad S and Alhasanat, Mahmoud Bashir and Eyal Salman, Hamzeh S and Prasath, VB Surya},
	  journal={Big data},
	  volume={7},
	  number={4},
	  pages={221--248},
	  year={2019},
	  publisher={Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New~…},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-008-5059-5}
	
	}
	@article{prasath2017distance,
	  title={Distance and Similarity Measures Effect on the Performance of K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier--A Review},
	  author={Prasath, VB and Alfeilat, Haneen Arafat Abu and Hassanat, Ahmad and Lasassmeh, Omar and Tarawneh, Ahmad S and Alhasanat, Mahmoud Bashir and Salman, Hamzeh S Eyal},
	  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.04321},
	  year={2017},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1089/big.2018.0175}
	
	}
	@article{shirkhorshidi2015comparison,
	  title={A comparison study on similarity and dissimilarity measures in clustering continuous data},
	  author={Shirkhorshidi, Ali Seyed and Aghabozorgi, Saeed and Wah, Teh Ying},
	  journal={PloS one},
	  volume={10},
	  number={12},
	  pages={e0144059},
	  year={2015},
	  publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144059}
	
	}
	
	@article{wilson1997improved,
	  title={Improved heterogeneous distance functions},
	  author={Wilson, D Randall and Martinez, Tony R},
	  journal={Journal of artificial intelligence research},
	  volume={6},
	  pages={1--34},
	  year={1997},
	  url={https://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/9701101.pdf
	}
	
	}
	@inproceedings{aggarwal2001surprising,
	  title={On the surprising behavior of distance metrics in high dimensional space},
	  author={Aggarwal, Charu C and Hinneburg, Alexander and Keim, Daniel A},
	  booktitle={International conference on database theory},
	  pages={420--434},
	  year={2001},
	  organization={Springer},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44503-x\_27}
	}
	
	
	@article{kar2011similarity,
	  title={Similarity-based learning via data driven embeddings},
	  author={Kar, Purushottam and Jain, Prateek},
	  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1112.5404},
	  year={2011}
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{wu2005analysis,
	  title={An analysis of transformation on non-positive semidefinite similarity matrix for kernel machines},
	  author={Wu, Gang and Chang, Edward Y and Zhang, Zhihua},
	  booktitle={Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Machine Learning},
	  volume={8},
	  year={2005},
	  organization={Citeseer},
	  url={https://www.researchgate.net/publication/\\228341630}
	}
	
	@inproceedings{ong2004learning,
	  title={Learning with non-positive kernels},
	  author={Ong, Cheng Soon and Mary, Xavier and Canu, St{\'e}phane and Smola, Alexander J},
	  booktitle={Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning},
	  pages={81},
	  year={2004},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1145/1015330.1015443}
	}
	
	
	@article{pekalska2001generalized,
	  title={A generalized kernel approach to dissimilarity-based classification},
	  author={Pekalska, Elzbieta and Paclik, Pavel and Duin, Robert PW},
	  journal={Journal of machine learning research},
	  volume={2},
	  number={Dec},
	  pages={175--211},
	  year={2001},
	  url={https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/\\944790.944810}
	}
	
	
	
	@article{luss2009support,
	  title={Support vector machine classification with indefinite kernels},
	  author={Luss, Ronny and d’Aspremont, Alexandre},
	  journal={Mathematical Programming Computation},
	  volume={1},
	  number={2},
	  pages={97--118},
	  year={2009},
	  publisher={Springer},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s12532-009-0005-5}
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	@article{haasdonk2005feature,
	  title={Feature space interpretation of SVMs with indefinite kernels},
	  author={Haasdonk, Bernard},
	  journal={IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence},
	  volume={27},
	  number={4},
	  pages={482--492},
	  year={2005},
	  publisher={IEEE},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2005.78}
	}
	
	
	@article{graepel1999classification,
	  title={Classification on pairwise proximity data},
	  author={Graepel, Thore and Herbrich, Ralf and Bollmann-Sdorra, Peter and Obermayer, Klaus},
	  journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
	  pages={438--444},
	  year={1999},
	  publisher={MIT; 1998},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5029-7{\_}7}
	}
	
	
	
	
	@book{scholkopf2018learning,
	  title={Learning with kernels: support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond},
	  author={Scholkopf, Bernhard and Smola, Alexander J},
	  year={2018},
	  publisher={Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning Series},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4175.001.0001}
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{chen2008training,
	  title={Training SVM with indefinite kernels},
	  author={Chen, Jianhui and Ye, Jieping},
	  booktitle={Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning},
	  pages={136--143},
	  year={2008},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1145/1390156.1390174}
	}
	
	
	@article{ying2009analysis,
	  title={Analysis of SVM with indefinite kernels},
	  author={Ying, Yiming and Campbell, Colin and Girolami, Mark},
	  journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
	  volume={22},
	  pages={2205--2213},
	  year={2009},
	  url={https://seis.bristol.ac.uk/~enicgc/pubs/2009/\\indefiniteSVM{\_}NIPS09{\_}final.pdf}
	}
	@book{cristianini2000introduction,
	  title={An introduction to support vector machines and other kernel-based learning methods},
	  author={Cristianini, Nello and Shawe-Taylor, John and others},
	  year={2000},
	  publisher={Cambridge university press},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511801389}
	}
	@article{balcan2008theory,
	  title={A theory of learning with similarity functions},
	  author={Balcan, Maria-Florina and Blum, Avrim and Srebro, Nathan},
	  journal={Machine Learning},
	  volume={72},
	  number={1},
	  pages={89--112},
	  year={2008},
	  publisher={Springer},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-008-5059-5}
	}
	
	@article{balcan2008improved,
	  title={Improved guarantees for learning via similarity functions},
	  author={Balcan, Maria-Florina and Blum, Avrim and Srebro, Nathan},
	  year={2008},
	  publisher={Carnegie Mellon University},
	  url={https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221497236}
	
	}
	
	@inproceedings{wang2007learning,
	  title={On learning with dissimilarity functions},
	  author={Wang, Liwei and Yang, Cheng and Feng, Jufu},
	  booktitle={Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning},
	  pages={991--998},
	  year={2007},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1145/1273496.1273621}
	
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{alabdulmohsin2015support,
	  title={Support vector machines with indefinite kernels},
	  author={Alabdulmohsin, Ibrahim and Gao, Xin and Zhang, Xiangliang Zhang},
	  booktitle={Asian Conference on Machine Learning},
	  pages={32--47},
	  year={2015},
	  organization={PMLR},
	  url={http://proceedings.mlr.press/v39/\\alabdulmohsin14.pdf}
	}
	
	%4
	 @inproceedings{arreola2006fast,
	  author    = {Karina Zapi\'{e}n Arreola and Janis Fehr and Hans Burkhardt},
	  title     = {Fast Support Vector Machine Classification using Linear SVMs},
	  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)},
	  year      = {2006},
	  pages     = {366--369},
	  doi       = {10.1109/ICPR.2006.549}
	}
	
	%40
	@article{MajiBM13,
	  author    = {Subhransu Maji and Alexander C. Berg and Jitendra Malik},
	  title     = {Efficient Classification for Additive Kernel SVMs},
	  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
	  volume    = {35},
	  number    = {1},
	  pages     = {66--77},
	  year      = {2013},
	  doi       = {10.1109/TPAMI.2012.62},
	  url       = {https://acberg.com/papers/mbm2012pami.pdf}
	}
	
	  
	@inproceedings{ChengJ11,
	  author    = {Cheng, W. C. and Jhan, D. M.},
	  title     = {A cascade classifier using Adaboost algorithm and support vector machine for pedestrian detection},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} International Conference on Systems, Man
	               and Cybernetics},
	  pages     = {1430--1435},
	  year      = {2011}
	}
	@inproceedings{ChenXWCK12,
	  author    = {Chen, M. and Xu, Z. E. and Weinberger, K. Q. and Chapelle, O. and Kedem, D.},
	  title     = {Classifier Cascade for Minimizing Feature Evaluation Cost},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics {(AISTATS)}},
	  pages     = {218-226},
	  year      = {2012}
	}
	@inproceedings{ChenRWCS14,
	  author    = {Chen, D. and Ren, S. and Wei, Y. and Cao, X. and Sun, J.},
	  title     = {Joint Cascade Face Detection and Alignment},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 13th European Conference on Computer Vision {(ECCV)}},
	  pages     = {109--122},
	  year      = {2014}
	}
	
	
	%24
	@article{heisele2003hierarchical,
	  author    = {Bernd Heisele and Thomas Serre and Sam Prentice and Tomaso Poggio},
	  title     = {Hierarchical Classification and Feature Reduction for Fast Face Detection with Support Vector Machines},
	  journal   = {Pattern Recognition},
	  volume    = {36},
	  number    = {9},
	  pages     = {2007--2017},
	  year      = {2003},
	  doi       = {10.1016/S0031-3203(03)00062-1},
	  url       = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article\\/abs/pii/S0031320303000621}
	}
	%47
	@inproceedings{romdhani2004efficient,
	  author    = {Sami Romdhani and Philip Torr and Bernhard Sch{\"o}lkopf and Andrew Blake},
	  title     = {Efficient Face Detection by a Cascaded Support–Vector Machine Expansion},
	  journal   = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	  volume    = {460},
	  number    = {2051},
	  pages     = {3283--3297},
	  year      = {2004},
	  doi       = {10.1098/rspa.2004.1333},
	  url       = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.\\1098/rspa.2004.1333}
	}
	%48
	@article{sahbi2006hierarchy,
	  author  = {Hichem Sahbi and Donald Geman},
	  title   = {A Hierarchy of Support Vector Machines for Pattern Detection},
	  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	  volume  = {7},
	  pages   = {2087--2123},
	  year    = {2006},
	  url     = {https://jmlr.org/papers/v7/sahbi06a.html}
	}
	
	%62
	@article{wu2006direct,
	  title     = {A Direct Method for Building Sparse Kernel Learning Algorithms},
	  author    = {Wu, Mingrui and Sch{\"o}lkopf, Bernhard and Bak{\i}r, G{\"o}khan},
	  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	  volume    = {7},
	  pages     = {603--624},
	  year      = {2006},
	  url       = {https://jmlr.org/papers/volume7/wu06a\\/wu06a.pdf}
	}
	
	@phdthesis{sharma2014learning,
	  title={Learning non-linear {SVM} in input space for image classification},
	  author={Sharma, G. and Jurie, F. and Perez, P.},
	  year={2014},
	  school={{GREYC} {CNRS} {UMR} 6072, Universite de Caen}
	}
	
	%43
	@article{nefedov2009experimental,
	  author={Nefedov, A. and Ye, J. and Kulikowski, C. and Muchnik, I. and Morgan, K.},
	  title={Experimental study of support vector machines based on linear and quadratic optimization criteria},
	  journal={{DIMACS} Technical Report 2009-18},
	  year={2009},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2009.52}
	}
	
	%8
	@book{boyd2004convex,
	  author    = {Stephen Boyd and Lieven Vandenberghe},
	  title     = {Convex Optimization},
	  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	  year      = {2004},
	  doi       = {10.1017/CBO9780511804441},
	  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804441}
	}
	 
	
	@article{lin2003study,
	  title={A study on sigmoid kernels for SVM and the training of non-PSD kernels by SMO-type methods},
	  author={Lin, Hsuan-Tien and Lin, Chih-Jen},
	  journal={submitted to Neural Computation},
	  volume={3},
	  pages={1--32},
	  year={2003},
	  url={https://www.researchgate.net/publication/\\2478380}
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{fleuret2003scale,
	  title={Scale-invariance of support vector machines based on the triangular kernel},
	  author={Fleuret, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Sahbi, Hichem},
	  booktitle={3rd International Workshop on Statistical and Computational Theories of Vision},
	  pages={1--13},
	  year={2003}
	}
	
	
	@article{hassanat2014dimensionality,
	  title={Dimensionality invariant similarity measure},
	  author={Hassanat, Ahmad Basheer},
	  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0923},
	  year={2014}
	}
	
	@article{cortes1995support,
	  title={Support-vector networks},
	  author={Cortes, Corinna and Vapnik, Vladimir},
	  journal={Machine learning},
	  volume={20},
	  number={3},
	  pages={273--297},
	  year={1995},
	  publisher={Springer}
	}
	
	@book{minoux1986mathematical,
	  title={Mathematical programming: theory and algorithms},
	  author={Minoux, Michel},
	  year={1986},
	  publisher={John Wiley \& Sons}
	}
	
	
	@electronic{mathworks,
	  author = {Jeroen Kools},
	  title = {{6 functions for generating artificial datasets}},
	  howpublished = "\url{https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/\\fileexchange/41459-6-functions-for-generating-artificial-datasets}",
	  year = {2013}, 
	  note = "[Online; accessed 22-September-2020]"
	}
	
	
	%28
	@article{karim2019computational,
        title     = {Computational Analysis to Reduce Classification Cost Keeping High Accuracy of the Sparser LPSVM},
	  author    = {R. Karim and A. K. Kundu},
	  journal   = {International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing},
	  volume    = {9},
	  number    = {6},
	  pages     = {728--733},
	  year      = {2019},
	  doi       = {10.18178/ijmlc.2019.9.6.865},
	  url       = {https://www.ijmlc.org/vol9/865-L0294.pdf}
	}
	
	@misc{Diethe15, Author = {Diethe, T.}, Date-Added = {2015-05-06 14:18:52 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2015-05-28 14:17:57 +0000}, Doi = {DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18110}, Howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/tdiethe/gunnar\_raetsch\_benchmark\\\_datasets/}}, Keywords = {dataset}, Title = {{13 benchmark datasets derived from the UCI, DELVE and STATLOG repositories}}, Year = {2015}}
	
	
	
	
	
	@electronic{IEEEhowto:IEEEtranpage,
	  author        = "Michael Shell",
	  title         = "{IEEE}tran Homepage",
	  url           = "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/",
	  year          = ""
	}
	
	
	
	@article{IEEEexample:articleetal,
	  author        = "F. Delorme and others",
	  title         = "Butt-jointed {DBR} Laser With 15 {nm} Tunability Grown
	                   in Three {MOVPE} Steps",
	  journal       = "Electron. Lett.",
	  volume        = "31",
	  number        = "15",
	  year          = "1995",
	  pages         = "1244-1245",
	  url           = https://www.overleaf.com/project/5b613a9ef1c42d0850aee58d
	}
	
	
	@inproceedings{IEEEexample:conf_typical,
	  author        = "R. K. Gupta and S. D. Senturia",
	  title         = "Pull-in Time Dynamics as a Measure of Absolute Pressure",
	  booktitle     = "Proc. {IEEE} International Workshop on
	                   Microelectromechanical Systems ({MEMS}'97)",
	  address       = "Nagoya, Japan",
	  month         = jan,
	  year          = "1997",
	  pages         = "290-294"
	}
	
	@book{IEEEexample:book_typical,
	  author        = "B. D. Cullity",
	  title         = "Introduction to Magnetic Materials",
	  publisher     = "Addison-Wesley",
	  address       = "Reading, MA",
	  year          = "1972"
	}
	
	
	%---------------------------------------------------------
	
	@article{Karim2024,
	  author    = {Karim, R. and Kundu, A. K. and Ave, A. A.},
	  title     = {Sequential Mathematical Programming With $\zeta$-Analysis for HESVM},
	  journal   = {Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments},
	  volume    = {7},
	  pages     = {144--169},
	  year      = {2024},
	  doi       = {10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v7/2725},
	  url       = {https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v7/2725}
	}
	
	
	%48
	@inproceedings{steinwart2004sparseness,
	  author    = {Ingo Steinwart},
	  title     = {Sparseness of Support Vector Machines---Some Asymptotically Sharp Bounds},
	  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16},
	  editor    = {Sebastian Thrun and Lawrence K. Saul and Bernhard Sch{\"o}lkopf},
	  pages     = {1069--1076},
	  year      = {2004},
	  url       = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2003/\\file/4c8c76b39d294759a9000cbda3a6571a-Paper.pdf}
	}
	
	
	
	@inproceedings{XiaoZST07,
	  author    = {Xiao, R. and Zhu, H. and Sun, H. and Tang, X.},
	  title     = {Dynamic Cascades for Face Detection},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} 11th International Conference on Computer Vision {(ICCV)}},
	  pages     = {1-8},
	  year      = {2007}
	}
	
	@inproceedings{Luo05,
	  author    = {Luo, H.},
	  title     = {Optimization Design of Cascaded Classifiers},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ({CVPR})},
	  pages     = {480-485},
	  year      = {2005}
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	@inproceedings{SaberianV10,
	  author    = {Saberian, M. J. and Vasconcelos, N.},
	  title     = {Boosting Classifier Cascades},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 24th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems {(NIPS)}},
	  pages     = {2047-2055},
	  year      = {2010}
	}
	
	  
	@inproceedings{ChengJ11,
	  author    = {Cheng, W. C. and Jhan, D. M.},
	  title     = {A cascade classifier using Adaboost algorithm and support vector machine for pedestrian detection},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the {IEEE} International Conference on Systems, Man
	               and Cybernetics},
	  pages     = {1430--1435},
	  year      = {2011}
	}
	@inproceedings{ChenXWCK12,
	  author    = {Chen, M. and Xu, Z. E. and Weinberger, K. Q. and Chapelle, O. and Kedem, D.},
	  title     = {Classifier Cascade for Minimizing Feature Evaluation Cost},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics {(AISTATS)}},
	  pages     = {218-226},
	  year      = {2012}
	}
	@inproceedings{ChenRWCS14,
	  author    = {Chen, D. and Ren, S. and Wei, Y. and Cao, X. and Sun, J.},
	  title     = {Joint Cascade Face Detection and Alignment},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 13th European Conference on Computer Vision {(ECCV)}},
	  pages     = {109--122},
	  year      = {2014}
	}
	
	%[23] Maji, Subhransu, and Jitendra Malik. Fast and accurate digit classification. EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB/EECS-2009-159 (2009).
	
	
	%[28] Sharma, Gaurav, Frédéric Jurie, and Patrick Perez. Learning non-linear SVM in input space for image classification. Diss. GREYC CNRS UMR 6072, Universite de Caen, 2014.
	
	@inproceedings{OsadchyKF12,
	  author    = {Osadchy, M. and Keren, D. and Specktor, B. F.},
	  title     = {Hybrid Classifiers for Object Classification with a Rich Background},
	  booktitle = {Proc. of the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision ({ECCV})},
	  pages     = {284--297},
	  year      = {2012}
	}
	
	
	
	
	@article{SaberianV14,
	  author    = {Saberian, M. J. and Vasconcelos, N.},
	  title     = {Boosting algorithms for detector cascade learning},
	  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research ({JMLR})},
	  volume    = {15},
	  number    = {1},
	  pages     = {2569--2605},
	  year      = {2014}
	}
	
	
	
	@inproceedings{Xu771,
	  author    = {Xu, Z. E. and Kusner, M. J. and Weinberger, K. Q. and Chen, M.},
	  title     = {Cost-Sensitive Tree of Classifiers},
	  booktitle={International Conference on Machine Learning},
	    pages     = {133-141},
	  year      = {2013}
	}
	
	
	
	%[40] S. Boyd, L. Vandenberghe, Convex Optimization, 1st Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
	
	
	
	%[44] Ye, Jiankuan. Experimental study and geometrical analysis of a linear programming support vector machine. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey-New Brunswick, 2011.
	
	
	
	@article{PedrosoM01,
	  author    = {Pedroso, J. P. and Murata, N.},
	
	  title     = {Support vector machines with different norms: motivation, formulations and results},
	  journal   = {Pattern Recognition Letters},
	  volume    = {22},
	  number    = {12},
	  pages     = {1263--1272},
	  year      = {2001}
	}
	
	
	@article{WuZ05,
	  author    = {Wu, Q. and Zhou, D. X.},
	  title     = {{SVM} Soft Margin Classifiers: Linear Programming versus Quadratic
	               Programming},
	  journal   = {Neural Computation},
	  volume    = {17},
	  number    = {5},
	  pages     = {1160--1187},
	  year      = {2005}
	}
	
	
	
	@inproceedings{osuna1998reducing,
	  title={Reducing the run-time complexity of support vector machines},
	  author={Osuna, E. and Girosi, F.},
	  booktitle={Proc. of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition ({ICPR})},
		pages={1-10},  
	  year={1998}
	}
	
	
	%44
	@electronic{data,
	  author       = {Gunnar Rätsch},
	  title        = {Benchmark Datasets},
	  note         = {Re-packaged and available on GitHub},
	  url          = {https://github.com/tdiethe/gunnar\_raetsch\\\_benchmark\_datasets}
	}
	
	@electronic{ratsch2005overdata,
	  author        = {R{\"a}tsch, G.},
	  title  =   {Department of Computer Science,\uppercase{ETH Z}urich, \uppercase{B}enchmark data sets},
	  url = {http://ida.first.fraunhofer.de/projects/bench/benchmarks.htm}
	}
	
	
	
	%13
	@article{downs2001exact,
	  author  = {Tom Downs and Kevin E. Gates and Annette Masters},
	  title   = {Exact Simplification of Support Vector Solutions},
	  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	  year    = {2001},
	  volume  = {2},
	  pages   = {293--297},
	  url={https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/944790.944814}
	}
	
	
	%% new papers
	
	@article{abualfeilat2019,
	author = {Abu Alfeilat, Haneen Arafat and Hassanat, Ahmad B.A. and Lasassmeh, Omar and Tarawneh, Ahmad S. and Alhasanat, Mahmoud Bashir and Eyal Salman, Hamzeh S. and Prasath, V.B. Surya},
	title = {Effects of Distance Measure Choice on K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier Performance: A Review},
	journal = {Big Data},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	pages = {221-248},
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.1089/big.2018.0175},
	    note ={PMID: 31411491},
	URL = {https://doi.org/10.1089/big.2018.0175}
	}
	
	@article{MAL-019,
	     journal = {Foundations and Trends® in Machine Learning},
	     year = {2013},
	     volume = {5},
	     title = {Metric Learning: A Survey},
	     doi = {10.1561/2200000019},
	     issn = {1935-8237},
	     number = {4},
	     pages = {287-364},
	    author = {Brian Kulis},
	    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/2200000019},
	}
	
	@misc{peng2024interpretingcursedimensionalitydistance,
	      title={Interpreting the Curse of Dimensionality from Distance Concentration and Manifold Effect}, 
	      author={Dehua Peng and Zhipeng Gui and Huayi Wu},
	      year={2024},
	      eprint={2401.00422},
	      archivePrefix={arXiv},
	      primaryClass={cs.LG},
	      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.00422}, 
	}
	
	@article{weller2015survey,
	  title={A Survey of Distance and Similarity Measures Used Within Network Intrusion Anomaly Detection},
	  author={Weller-Fahy, David J. and Borghetti, Brett J. and Sodemann, Angela A.},
	  journal={IEEE Communications Surveys \& Tutorials},
	  volume={17},
	  number={1},
	  pages={70--91},
	  year={2015},
	  publisher={IEEE},
	  doi={10.1109/COMST.2014.2336610},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2014.2336610}
	}
	
	@article{biau2013high,
	  title={High-Dimensional \(p\)-Norms},
	  author={Biau, Gérard and Mason, David M.},
	  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.0587},
	  year={2013},
	  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0587}
	}
	
	@misc{suárezdíaz2020tutorialdistancemetriclearning,
	      title={A Tutorial on Distance Metric Learning: Mathematical Foundations, Algorithms, Experimental Analysis, Prospects and Challenges (with Appendices on Mathematical Background and Detailed Algorithms Explanation)}, 
	      author={Juan Luis Suárez-Díaz and Salvador García and Francisco Herrera},
	      year={2020},
	      eprint={1812.05944},
	      archivePrefix={arXiv},
	      primaryClass={cs.LG},
	      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.05944}, 
	}
	@article{Flexer2015Choosing,
	  title={Choosing ℓp norms in high-dimensional spaces based on hub analysis},
	  author={Arthur Flexer and Dominik Schnitzer},
	  journal={Neurocomputing},
	  volume={169},
	  pages={281--287},
	  year={2015},
	  publisher={Elsevier},
	  doi={10.1016/j.neucom.2014.12.104},
	  url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.12.104}
	}
	@article{Karim2023,
	  author    = {Rezaul Karim and Mahmudul Hasan and Amit Kumar Kundu and Ali Ahmed Ave},
	  title     = {{LP SVM with a Novel Similarity Function Outperforms Powerful LP-QP-Kernel-SVM Considering Efficient Classification}},
	  journal   = {Informatica},
	  volume    = {47},
	  number    = {8},
	  year      = {2023},
	  pages     = {1--12},
	  url       = {https://www.informatica.si/index.php\\/informatica/article/view/3504}
	}
	@incollection{WaltersWilliams2010,
	  author    = {Janett Walters-Williams and Yan Li},
	  title     = {Comparative Study of Distance Functions for Nearest Neighbors},
	  booktitle = {Advanced Techniques in Computing Sciences and Software Engineering},
	  pages     = {79--84},
	  year      = {2010},
	  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	  doi       = {10.1007/978-90-481-3660-5\_14},
	  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3660-5\_14},
	  isbn      = {978-90-481-3659-9},
	  eisbn     = {978-90-481-3660-5}
	}
	
	@book{petersen2008matrix,
	  title={The Matrix Cookbook},
	  author={Petersen, Kaare Brandt and Pedersen, Michael Syskind},
	  year={2008},
	  publisher={Technical University of Denmark},
	  url={http://matrixcookbook.com}
	}
	
	@article{wilson2000improved,
	  author={Wilson, D. Randall and Martinez, Tony R.},
	  title={Improved Heterogeneous Distance Functions},
	  journal={IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
	  year={2000},
	  volume={22},
	  number={8},
	  pages={840-848},
	  doi={10.1109/34.858679},
	  note={Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA}
	}
	@article{shirkhorshidi2015comparison,
	  author={Shirkhorshidi, Ali Seyed and Aghabozorgi, Saeed and Teh, Ying Wah},
	  title={A Comparison Study on Similarity and Dissimilarity Measures in Clustering Continuous Data},
	  journal={Computational Statistics},
	  year={2015},
	  volume={30},
	  number={3},
	  pages={775-802},
	  doi={10.1007/s00180-014-0545-3}
	}
	@article{chmielewski2012distance,
	  author={Chmielewski, Andrzej and Wierzchoń, Sławomir T.},
	  title={On the Distance Norms for Detecting Anomalies in Multidimensional Datasets},
	  journal={Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation},
	  year={2012},
	  pages={115-120},
	  doi={10.1109/CIMCA.2012.72}
	}
	@inproceedings{aggarwal2001surprising,
	  author={Aggarwal, Charu C. and Hinneburg, Alexander and Keim, Daniel A.},
	  title={On the Surprising Behavior of Distance Metrics in High Dimensional Space},
	  booktitle={Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2001)},
	  year={2001},
	  pages={420-434},
	  publisher={Springer-Verlag},
	  doi={10.1007/3-540-44673-6\_29}
	}
	@article{matefy2023lp,
	  author = {Matefy, Adam},
	  title = {Lp spaces with p smaller than 1},
	  year = {2023},
	  note = {Available at: https://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~richard/teaching/s2023/SML\_Adam\_1.pdf},
	}
	@book{deza2009encyclopedia,
	  author    = {Michel Marie Deza and Elena Deza},
	  title     = {Encyclopedia of Distances},
	  year      = {2009},
	  publisher = {Springer},
	  address   = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	  isbn      = {978-3-540-68224-7},
	}
	
	%could not find cis15, inequalities,  paper citation
	
